Graph classes#
nngt.Graph ([nodes, name, weighted, …]) |
The basic graph class, which inherits from a library class such as graph_tool.Graph , networkx.DiGraph , or igraph.Graph . |
nngt.SpatialGraph ([nodes, name, weighted, …]) |
The detailed class that inherits from Graph and implements additional properties to describe spatial graphs (i.e. |
nngt.Network ([name, weighted, directed, …]) |
The detailed class that inherits from Graph and implements additional properties to describe various biological functions and interact with the NEST simulator. |
nngt.SpatialNetwork (population[, name, …]) |
Class that inherits from Network and SpatialGraph to provide a detailed description of a real neural network in space, i.e. |
Details#
-
class
nngt.
Graph
(nodes=0, name='Graph', weighted=True, directed=True, copy_graph=None, **kwargs)[source]# The basic graph class, which inherits from a library class such as
graph_tool.Graph
,networkx.DiGraph
, origraph.Graph
.The objects provides several functions to easily access some basic properties.
Initialize Graph instance
Changed in version 2.0: Renamed from_graph to copy_graph.
Parameters: - nodes (int, optional (default: 0)) – Number of nodes in the graph.
- name (string, optional (default: “Graph”)) – The name of this
Graph
instance. - weighted (bool, optional (default: True)) – Whether the graph edges have weight properties.
- directed (bool, optional (default: True)) – Whether the graph is directed or undirected.
- copy_graph (
Graph
, optional) – An optionalGraph
that will be copied. - kwargs (optional keywords arguments) – Optional arguments that can be passed to the graph, e.g. a dict
containing information on the synaptic weights
(
weights={"distribution": "constant", "value": 2.3}
which is equivalent toweights=2.3
), the synaptic delays, or atype
information.
Note
When using copy_graph, only the topological properties are copied (nodes, edges, and attributes), spatial and biological properties are ignored. To copy a graph exactly, use
copy()
.Returns: self ( Graph
)-
adjacency_matrix
(types=False, weights=False, mformat='csr')[source]# Return the graph adjacency matrix.
Note
Source nodes are represented by the rows, targets by the corresponding columns.
Parameters: - types (bool, optional (default: False)) – Wether the edge types should be taken into account (negative values for inhibitory connections).
- weights (bool or string, optional (default: False)) – Whether the adjacecy matrix should be weighted. If True, all connections are multiply bythe associated synaptic strength; if weight is a string, the connections are scaled bythe corresponding edge attribute.
- mformat (str, optional (default: “csr”)) – Type of
scipy.sparse
matrix that will be returned, by defaultscipy.sparse.csr_matrix
.
Returns: mat (
scipy.sparse
matrix) – The adjacency matrix of the graph.
-
edge_attributes
# Access edge attributes.
-
edge_id
(edge)# Return the ID a given edge or a list of edges in the graph. Raises an error if the edge is not in the graph or if one of the vertices in the edge is nonexistent.
Parameters: edge (2-tuple or array of edges) – Edge descriptor (source, target). Returns: index (int or array of ints) – Index of the given edge.
-
edge_nb
()# Returns the number of edges.
Warning
When using MPI, returns only the local number of edges.
-
edges_array
# Edges of the graph, sorted by order of creation, as an array of 2-tuple.
-
edges_attributes
# Access edge attributes.
-
static
from_file
(filename, fmt='auto', separator=' ', secondary=';', attributes=None, attributes_types=None, notifier='@', ignore='#', from_string=False, name='LoadedGraph', directed=True, cleanup=False)[source]# Import a saved graph from a file.
Changed in version 2.0: Added optional attributes_types and cleanup arguments.
Parameters: - filename (str) – The path to the file.
- fmt (str, optional (default: deduced from filename)) – The format used to save the graph. Supported formats are:
“neighbour” (neighbour list), “ssp” (scipy.sparse), “edge_list”
(list of all the edges in the graph, one edge per line,
represented by a
source target
-pair), “gml” (gml format, default if filename ends with ‘.gml’), “graphml” (graphml format, default if filename ends with ‘.graphml’ or ‘.xml’), “dot” (dot format, default if filename ends with ‘.dot’), “gt” (only when using graph_tool as library, detected if filename ends with ‘.gt’). - separator (str, optional (default ” “)) – separator used to separate inputs in the case of custom formats (namely “neighbour” and “edge_list”)
- secondary (str, optional (default: “;”)) – Secondary separator used to separate attributes in the case of custom formats.
- attributes (list, optional (default: [])) – List of names for the attributes present in the file. If a notifier is present in the file, names will be deduced from it; otherwise the attributes will be numbered. For “edge_list”, attributes may also be present as additional columns after the source and the target.
- attributes_types (dict, optional (default: str)) – Backup information if the type of the attributes is not specified in the file. Values must be callables (types or functions) that will take the argument value as a string input and convert it to the proper type.
- notifier (str, optional (default: “@”)) – Symbol specifying the following as meaningfull information.
Relevant information are formatted
@info_name=info_value
, whereinfo_name
is in (“attributes”, “directed”, “name”, “size”) and associatedinfo_value
are of type (list
,bool
,str
,int
). Additional notifiers are@type=SpatialGraph/Network/SpatialNetwork
, which must be followed by the relevant notifiers among@shape
,@population
, and@graph
. - from_string (bool, optional (default: False)) – Load from a string instead of a file.
- ignore (str, optional (default: “#”)) – Ignore lines starting with the ignore string.
- name (str, optional (default: from file information or ‘LoadedGraph’)) – The name of the graph.
- directed (bool, optional (default: from file information or True)) – Whether the graph is directed or not.
- cleanup (bool, optional (default: False)) – If true, removes nodes before the first one that appears in the edges and after the last one and renumber the nodes from 0.
Returns: graph (
Graph
or subclass) – Loaded graph.
-
classmethod
from_library
(library_graph, name='ImportedGraph', weighted=True, directed=True, **kwargs)[source]# Create a
Graph
by wrapping a graph object from one of the supported libraries.Parameters: - library_graph (object) – Graph object from one of the supported libraries (graph-tool, igraph, networkx).
- name (str, optional (default: “ImportedGraph”))
- **kwargs – Other standard arguments (see
__init__()
)
-
classmethod
from_matrix
(matrix, weighted=True, directed=True, population=None, shape=None, positions=None, name=None)[source]# Creates a
Graph
from ascipy.sparse
matrix or a dense matrix.Parameters: - matrix (
scipy.sparse
matrix ornumpy.ndarray
) – Adjacency matrix. - weighted (bool, optional (default: True)) – Whether the graph edges have weight properties.
- directed (bool, optional (default: True)) – Whether the graph is directed or undirected.
- population (
NeuralPop
) – Population to associate to the newNetwork
. - shape (
Shape
, optional (default: None)) – Shape to associate to the newSpatialGraph
. - positions ((N, 2) array) – Positions, in a 2D space, of the N neurons.
- name (str, optional) – Graph name.
Returns: - matrix (
-
get_attribute_type
(attribute_name, attribute_class=None)[source]# Return the type of an attribute (e.g. string, double, int).
Parameters: - attribute_name (str) – Name of the attribute.
- attribute_class (str, optional (default: both)) – Whether attribute_name is a “node” or an “edge” attribute.
Returns: type (str) – Type of the attribute.
-
get_betweenness
(btype='both', weights=None)[source]# Returns the normalized betweenness centrality of the nodes and edges.
Parameters: - g (
Graph
) – Graph to analyze. - btype (str, optional (default ‘both’)) – The centrality that should be returned (either ‘node’, ‘edge’, or ‘both’). By default, both betweenness centralities are computed.
- weights (bool or str, optional (default: binary edges)) – Whether edge weights should be considered; if
None
orFalse
then use binary edges; ifTrue
, uses the ‘weight’ edge attribute, otherwise uses any valid edge attribute required.
Returns: - nb (
numpy.ndarray
) – The nodes’ betweenness if btype is ‘node’ or ‘both’ - eb (
numpy.ndarray
) – The edges’ betweenness if btype is ‘edge’ or ‘both’
See also
- g (
-
get_degrees
(mode='total', nodes=None, weights=None, edge_type='all')[source]# Degree sequence of all the nodes.
Changed in version 2.0: Changed deg_type to mode, node_list to nodes, use_weights to weights, and edge_type to edge_type.
Parameters: - mode (string, optional (default: “total”)) – Degree type (among ‘in’, ‘out’ or ‘total’).
- nodes (list, optional (default: None)) – List of the nodes which degree should be returned
- weights (bool or str, optional (default: binary edges)) – Whether edge weights should be considered; if
None
orFalse
then use binary edges; ifTrue
, uses the ‘weight’ edge attribute, otherwise uses any valid edge attribute required. - edge_type (int or str, optional (default: all)) – Restrict to a given synaptic type (“excitatory”, 1, or
“inhibitory”, -1), using either the “type” edge attribute for
non-
Network
or theinhibitory
nodes.
Returns: - degrees (
numpy.array
) - .. warning :: – When using MPI with “nngt” (distributed) backend, returns only the degrees associated to local edges. “Complete” degrees are obtained by taking the sum of the results on all MPI processes.
-
get_delays
(edges=None)[source]# Returns the delays of all or a subset of the edges.
Changed in version 1.0.1: Added the possibility to ask for a subset of edges.
Parameters: edges ((E, 2) array, optional (default: all edges)) – Edges for which the type should be returned. Returns: the list of delays
-
get_density
()[source]# Density of the graph: , where E is the number of edges and N the number of nodes.
-
get_edge_attributes
(edges=None, name=None)[source]# Attributes of the graph’s edges.
Changed in version 1.0: Returns the full dict of edges attributes if called without arguments.
New in version 0.8.
Parameters: - edge (tuple or list of tuples, optional (default:
None
)) – Edge whose attribute should be displayed. - name (str, optional (default:
None
)) – Name of the desired attribute.
Returns: - Dict containing all graph’s attributes (synaptic weights, delays…)
- by default. If edge is specified, returns only the values for these
- edges. If name is specified, returns value of the attribute for each
- edge.
Note
The attributes values are ordered as the edges in
edges_array()
if edges is None.- edge (tuple or list of tuples, optional (default:
-
get_edge_types
(edges=None)[source]# Return the type of all or a subset of the edges.
Changed in version 1.0.1: Added the possibility to ask for a subset of edges.
Parameters: edges ((E, 2) array, optional (default: all edges)) – Edges for which the type should be returned. Returns: the list of types (1 for excitatory, -1 for inhibitory)
-
get_edges
(attribute=None, value=None, source_node=None, target_node=None)[source]# Return the edges in the network fulfilling a given condition.
Parameters: - attribute (str, optional (default: all nodes)) – Whether the attribute of the returned edges should have a specific value.
- value (object, optional (default : None)) – If an attribute name is passed, then only edges with attribute being equal to value will be returned.
- source_node (int or list of ints, optional (default: all nodes)) – Retrict the edges to those stemming from source_node.
- target_node (int or list of ints, optional (default: all nodes)) – Retrict the edges to those arriving at target_node.
See also
-
get_node_attributes
(nodes=None, name=None)[source]# Attributes of the graph’s edges.
Changed in version 1.0.1: Corrected default behavior and made it the same as
get_edge_attributes()
.New in version 0.9.
Parameters: - nodes (list of ints, optional (default:
None
)) – Nodes whose attribute should be displayed. - name (str, optional (default:
None
)) – Name of the desired attribute.
Returns: - Dict containing all nodes attributes by default. If nodes is
- specified, returns a
dict
containing only the attributes of these - nodes. If name is specified, returns a list containing the values of
- the specific attribute for the required nodes (or all nodes if
- unspecified).
See also
get_edge_attributes()
,new_node_attribute()
,set_node_attribute()
,new_edge_attributes()
,set_edge_attribute()
- nodes (list of ints, optional (default:
-
get_nodes
(attribute=None, value=None)[source]# Return the nodes in the network fulfilling a given condition.
Parameters: - attribute (str, optional (default: all nodes)) – Whether the attribute of the returned nodes should have a specific value.
- value (object, optional (default : None)) – If an attribute name is passed, then only nodes with attribute being equal to value will be returned.
See also
-
get_weights
(edges=None)[source]# Returns the weights of all or a subset of the edges.
Changed in version 1.0.1: Added the possibility to ask for a subset of edges.
Parameters: edges ((E, 2) array, optional (default: all edges)) – Edges for which the type should be returned. Returns: the list of weights
-
graph
# Returns the underlying library object.
Warning
Do not add or remove edges directly through this object.
-
is_connected
(mode='strong')[source]# Return whether the graph is connected.
Parameters: mode (str, optional (default: “strong”)) – Whether to test connectedness with directed (“strong”) or undirected (“weak”) connections. References
[ig-connected] igraph - is_connected
-
is_network
()[source]# Whether the graph is a subclass of
Network
(i.e. if it has aNeuralPop
attribute).
-
is_spatial
()[source]# Whether the graph is embedded in space (i.e. is a subclass of
SpatialGraph
).
-
static
make_network
(graph, neural_pop, copy=False, **kwargs)[source]# Turn a
Graph
object into aNetwork
, or aSpatialGraph
into aSpatialNetwork
.Parameters: - graph (
Graph
orSpatialGraph
) – Graph to convert - neural_pop (
NeuralPop
) – Population to associate to the newNetwork
- copy (bool, optional (default:
False
)) – Whether the operation should be made in-place on the object or if a new object should be returned.
Notes
In-place operation that directly converts the original graph if copy is
False
, else returns the copiedGraph
turned into aNetwork
.- graph (
-
static
make_spatial
(graph, shape=None, positions=None, copy=False)[source]# Turn a
Graph
object into aSpatialGraph
, or aNetwork
into aSpatialNetwork
.Parameters: - graph (
Graph
orSpatialGraph
) – Graph to convert. - shape (
Shape
, optional (default: None)) – Shape to associate to the newSpatialGraph
. - positions ((N, 2) array) – Positions, in a 2D space, of the N neurons.
- copy (bool, optional (default:
False
)) – Whether the operation should be made in-place on the object or if a new object should be returned.
Notes
In-place operation that directly converts the original graph if copy is
False
, else returns the copiedGraph
turned into aSpatialGraph
. The shape argument can be skipped if positions are given; in that case, the neurons will be embedded in a rectangle that contains them all.- graph (
-
name
# Name of the graph.
-
neighbours
(node, mode='all')[source]# Return the neighbours of node.
Parameters: - node (int) – Index of the node of interest.
- mode (string, optional (default: “all”)) – Type of neighbours that will be returned: “all” returns all the neighbours regardless of directionality, “in” returns the in-neighbours (also called predecessors) and “out” retruns the out-neighbours (or successors).
Returns: neighbours (set) – The neighbours of node.
-
new_edge
(source, target, attributes=None, ignore=False, self_loop=False)# Adding a connection to the graph, with optional properties.
Changed in version 2.0: Added self_loop argument to enable adding self-loops.
Parameters: - source (
int/node
) – Source node. - target (
int/node
) – Target node. - attributes (
dict
, optional (default:{}
)) – Dictionary containing optional edge properties. If the graph is weighted, defaults to{"weight": 1.}
, the unit weight for the connection (synaptic strength in NEST). - ignore (bool, optional (default: False)) – If set to True, ignore attempts to add an existing edge and accept self-loops; otherwise an error is raised.
- self_loop (bool, optional (default: False)) – Whether to allow self-loops or not.
Returns: The new connection or None if nothing was added.
- source (
-
new_edge_attribute
(name, value_type, values=None, val=None)[source]# Create a new attribute for the edges.
Parameters: - name (str) – The name of the new attribute.
- value_type (str) – Type of the attribute, among ‘int’, ‘double’, ‘string’, or ‘object’
- values (array, optional (default: None)) – Values with which the edge attribute should be initialized. (must have one entry per node in the graph)
- val (int, float or str , optional (default: None)) – Identical value for all edges.
-
new_edges
(edge_list, attributes=None, check_duplicates=False, check_self_loops=True, check_existing=True, ignore_invalid=False)# Add a list of edges to the graph.
Changed in version 2.0: Can perform all possible checks before adding new edges via the
check_duplicates
check_self_loops
, andcheck_existing
arguments.Parameters: - edge_list (list of 2-tuples or np.array of shape (edge_nb, 2)) – List of the edges that should be added as tuples (source, target)
- attributes (
dict
, optional (default:{}
)) – Dictionary containing optional edge properties. If the graph is weighted, defaults to{"weight": ones}
, whereones
is an array the same length as the edge_list containing a unit weight for each connection (synaptic strength in NEST). - check_duplicates (bool, optional (default: False)) – Check for duplicate edges within edge_list.
- check_self_loops (bool, optional (default: True)) – Check for self-loops.
- check_existing (bool, optional (default: True)) – Check whether some of the edges in edge_list already exist in the graph or exist multiple times in edge_list (also performs check_duplicates).
- ignore_invalid (bool, optional (default: False)) – Ignore invalid edges: they are not added to the graph and are silently dropped. Unless this is set to true, an error is raised whenever one of the three checks fails.
- .. warning:: – Setting check_existing to False will lead to undefined behavior if existing edges are provided! Only use it (for speedup) if you are sure that you are indeed only adding new edges.
Returns: Returns new edges only.
-
new_node
(n=1, neuron_type=1, attributes=None, value_types=None, positions=None, groups=None)# Adding a node to the graph, with optional properties.
Parameters: - n (int, optional (default: 1)) – Number of nodes to add.
- neuron_type (int, optional (default: 1)) – Type of neuron (1 for excitatory, -1 for inhibitory)
- attributes (dict, optional (default: None)) – Dictionary containing the attributes of the nodes.
- value_types (dict, optional (default: None)) – Dict of the attributes types, necessary only if the attributes do not exist yet.
- positions (array of shape (n, 2), optional (default: None)) – Positions of the neurons. Valid only for
SpatialGraph
orSpatialNetwork
. - groups (str, int, or list, optional (default: None)) –
NeuralGroup
to which the neurons belong. Valid only forNetwork
orSpatialNetwork
.
Returns: The node or a tuple of the nodes created.
-
new_node_attribute
(name, value_type, values=None, val=None)[source]# Create a new attribute for the nodes.
Parameters: - name (str) – The name of the new attribute.
- value_type (str) – Type of the attribute, among ‘int’, ‘double’, ‘string’, or ‘object’
- values (array, optional (default: None)) – Values with which the node attribute should be initialized. (must have one entry per node in the graph)
- val (int, float or str , optional (default: None)) – Identical value for all nodes.
-
node_attributes
# Access node attributes.
-
node_nb
()# Returns the number of nodes.
Warning
When using MPI, returns only the local number of nodes.
-
nodes_attributes
# Access node attributes.
-
set_delays
(delay=None, elist=None, distribution=None, parameters=None, noise_scale=None)[source]# Set the delay for spike propagation between neurons.
Parameters: - delay (float or class:numpy.array, optional (default: None)) – Value or list of delays (for user defined delays).
- elist (class:numpy.array, optional (default: None)) – List of the edges (for user defined delays).
- distribution (class:string, optional (default: None)) – Type of distribution (choose among “constant”, “uniform”, “gaussian”, “lognormal”, “lin_corr”, “log_corr”).
- parameters (dict, optional (default: {})) – Dictionary containing the properties of the delay distribution.
- noise_scale (class:int, optional (default: None)) – Scale of the multiplicative Gaussian noise that should be applied on the delays.
-
set_edge_attribute
(attribute, values=None, val=None, value_type=None, edges=None)[source]# Set attributes to the connections between neurons.
Warning
The special “type” attribute cannot be modified when using graphs that inherit from the
Network
class. This is because for biological networks, neurons make only one kind of synapse, which is determined by thenngt.NeuralGroup
they belong to.Parameters: - attribute (str) – The name of the attribute.
- value_type (str) – Type of the attribute, among ‘int’, ‘double’, ‘string’
- values (array, optional (default: None)) – Values with which the edge attribute should be initialized. (must have one entry per node in the graph)
- val (int, float or str , optional (default: None)) – Identical value for all edges.
- value_type (str, optional (default: None)) – Type of the attribute, among ‘int’, ‘double’, ‘string’. Only used if the attribute does not exist and must be created.
- edges (list of edges or array of shape (E, 2), optional (default: all)) – Edges whose attributes should be set. Others will remain unchanged.
-
set_node_attribute
(attribute, values=None, val=None, value_type=None, nodes=None)[source]# Set attributes to the connections between neurons.
Parameters: - attribute (str) – The name of the attribute.
- value_type (str) – Type of the attribute, among ‘int’, ‘double’, ‘string’
- values (array, optional (default: None)) – Values with which the edge attribute should be initialized. (must have one entry per node in the graph)
- val (int, float or str , optional (default: None)) – Identical value for all edges.
- value_type (str, optional (default: None)) – Type of the attribute, among ‘int’, ‘double’, ‘string’. Only used if the attribute does not exist and must be created.
- nodes (list of nodes, optional (default: all)) – Nodes whose attributes should be set. Others will remain unchanged.
-
set_types
(edge_type, nodes=None, fraction=None)[source]# Set the synaptic/connection types.
Changed in version 2.0: Changed syn_type to edge_type.
Warning
The special “type” attribute cannot be modified when using graphs that inherit from the
Network
class. This is because for biological networks, neurons make only one kind of synapse, which is determined by thenngt.NeuralGroup
they belong to.Parameters: - edge_type (int, string, or array of ints) – Type of the connection among ‘excitatory’ (also 1) or ‘inhibitory’ (also -1).
- nodes (int, float or list, optional (default: None)) – If nodes is an int, number of nodes of the required type that will be created in the graph (all connections from inhibitory nodes are inhibitory); if it is a float, ratio of edge_type nodes in the graph; if it is a list, ids of the edge_type nodes.
- fraction (float, optional (default: None)) – Fraction of the selected edges that will be set as edge_type (if nodes is not None, it is the fraction of the specified nodes’ edges, otherwise it is the fraction of all edges in the graph).
Returns: t_list (
numpy.ndarray
) – List of the types in an order that matches the edges attribute of the graph.
-
set_weights
(weight=None, elist=None, distribution=None, parameters=None, noise_scale=None)[source]# Set the synaptic weights.
Parameters: - weight (float or class:numpy.array, optional (default: None)) – Value or list of the weights (for user defined weights).
- elist (class:numpy.array, optional (default: None)) – List of the edges (for user defined weights).
- distribution (class:string, optional (default: None)) – Type of distribution (choose among “constant”, “uniform”, “gaussian”, “lognormal”, “lin_corr”, “log_corr”).
- parameters (dict, optional (default: {})) – Dictionary containing the properties of the weight distribution.
Properties are as follow for the distributions
- ‘constant’: ‘value’
- ‘uniform’: ‘lower’, ‘upper’
- ‘gaussian’: ‘avg’, ‘std’
- ‘lognormal’: ‘position’, ‘scale’
- noise_scale (class:int, optional (default: None)) – Scale of the multiplicative Gaussian noise that should be applied on the weights.
Note
If distribution and parameters are provided and the weights are set for the whole graph (elist is None), then the distribution properties will be kept as the new default for subsequent edges. That is, if new edges are created without specifying their weights, then these new weights will automatically be drawn from this previous distribution.
-
to_file
(filename, fmt='auto', separator=' ', secondary=';', attributes=None, notifier='@')[source]# Save graph to file; options detailed below.
See also
nngt.lib.save_to_file()
function for options.
-
type
# Type of the graph.
-
class
nngt.
SpatialGraph
(nodes=0, name='SpatialGraph', weighted=True, directed=True, from_graph=None, shape=None, positions=None, **kwargs)[source]# The detailed class that inherits from
Graph
and implements additional properties to describe spatial graphs (i.e. graph where the structure is embedded in space.Initialize SpatialClass instance.
Parameters: - nodes (int, optional (default: 0)) – Number of nodes in the graph.
- name (string, optional (default: “Graph”)) – The name of this
Graph
instance. - weighted (bool, optional (default: True)) – Whether the graph edges have weight properties.
- directed (bool, optional (default: True)) – Whether the graph is directed or undirected.
- shape (
Shape
, optional (default: None)) – Shape of the neurons’ environment (None leads to a square of side 1 cm) - positions (
numpy.array
(N, 2), optional (default: None)) – Positions of the neurons; if not specified and nodes is not 0, then neurons will be reparted at random inside theShape
object of the instance. - **kwargs (keyword arguments for
Graph
or) –Shape
if no shape was given.
Returns: self (
SpatialGraph
)-
get_positions
(neurons=None)[source]# Returns a copy of the neurons’ positions as a (N, 2) array.
Parameters: neurons (int or array-like, optional (default: all neurons)) – List of the neurons for which the position should be returned.
-
shape
# The environment’s spatial structure.
-
class
nngt.
Network
(name='Network', weighted=True, directed=True, from_graph=None, population=None, inh_weight_factor=1.0, **kwargs)[source]# The detailed class that inherits from
Graph
and implements additional properties to describe various biological functions and interact with the NEST simulator.Initializes
Network
instance.Parameters: - nodes (int, optional (default: 0)) – Number of nodes in the graph.
- name (string, optional (default: “Graph”)) – The name of this
Graph
instance. - weighted (bool, optional (default: True)) – Whether the graph edges have weight properties.
- directed (bool, optional (default: True)) – Whether the graph is directed or undirected.
- from_graph (
GraphObject
, optional (default: None)) – An optionalGraphObject
to serve as base. - population (
nngt.NeuralPop
, (default: None)) – An object containing the neural groups and their properties: model(s) to use in NEST to simulate the neurons as well as their parameters. - inh_weight_factor (float, optional (default: 1.)) – Factor to apply to inhibitory synapses, to compensate for example the strength difference due to timescales between excitatory and inhibitory synapses.
Returns: self (
Network
)-
classmethod
exc_and_inhib
(size, iratio=0.2, en_model='aeif_cond_alpha', en_param=None, in_model='aeif_cond_alpha', in_param=None, syn_spec=None, **kwargs)[source]# Generate a network containing a population of two neural groups: inhibitory and excitatory neurons.
Parameters: - size (int) – Number of neurons in the network.
- i_ratio (double, optional (default: 0.2)) – Ratio of inhibitory neurons: .
- en_model (string, optional (default: ‘aeif_cond_alpha’)) – Nest model for the excitatory neuron.
- en_param (dict, optional (default: {})) – Dictionary of parameters for the the excitatory neuron.
- in_model (string, optional (default: ‘aeif_cond_alpha’)) – Nest model for the inhibitory neuron.
- in_param (dict, optional (default: {})) – Dictionary of parameters for the the inhibitory neuron.
- syn_spec (dict, optional (default: static synapse)) – Dictionary containg a directed edge between groups as key and the
associated synaptic parameters for the post-synaptic neurons (i.e.
those of the second group) as value. If provided, all connections
between groups will be set according to the values contained in
syn_spec. Valid keys are:
- (‘excitatory’, ‘excitatory’)
- (‘excitatory’, ‘inhibitory’)
- (‘inhibitory’, ‘excitatory’)
- (‘inhibitory’, ‘inhibitory’)
Returns: net (
Network
or subclass) – Network of disconnected excitatory and inhibitory neurons.See also
-
classmethod
from_gids
(gids, get_connections=True, get_params=False, neuron_model='aeif_cond_alpha', neuron_param=None, syn_model='static_synapse', syn_param=None, **kwargs)[source]# Generate a network from gids.
Warning
Unless get_connections and get_params is True, or if your population is homogeneous and you provide the required information, the information contained by the network and its population attribute will be erroneous! To prevent conflicts the
to_nest()
function is not available. If you know what you are doing, you should be able to find a workaround…Parameters: - gids (array-like) – Ids of the neurons in NEST or simply user specified ids.
- get_params (bool, optional (default: True)) – Whether the parameters should be obtained from NEST (can be very slow).
- neuron_model (string, optional (default: None)) – Name of the NEST neural model to use when simulating the activity.
- neuron_param (dict, optional (default: {})) – Dictionary containing the neural parameters; the default value will make NEST use the default parameters of the model.
- syn_model (string, optional (default: ‘static_synapse’)) – NEST synaptic model to use when simulating the activity.
- syn_param (dict, optional (default: {})) – Dictionary containing the synaptic parameters; the default value will make NEST use the default parameters of the model.
Returns: net (
Network
or subclass) – Uniform network of disconnected neurons.
-
get_edge_types
()[source]# Return the type of all or a subset of the edges.
Changed in version 1.0.1: Added the possibility to ask for a subset of edges.
Parameters: edges ((E, 2) array, optional (default: all edges)) – Edges for which the type should be returned. Returns: the list of types (1 for excitatory, -1 for inhibitory)
-
get_neuron_type
(neuron_ids)[source]# Return the type of the neurons (+1 for excitatory, -1 for inhibitory).
Parameters: neuron_ids (int or tuple) – NEST gids. Returns: ids (int or tuple) – Ids in the network. Same type as the requested gids type.
-
id_from_nest_gid
(gids)[source]# Return the ids of the nodes in the
nngt.Network
instance from the corresponding NEST gids.Parameters: gids (int or tuple) – NEST gids. Returns: ids (int or tuple) – Ids in the network. Same type as the requested gids type.
-
nest_gids
#
-
neuron_properties
(idx_neuron)[source]# Properties of a neuron in the graph.
Parameters: idx_neuron (int) – Index of a neuron in the graph. Returns: dict of the neuron’s properties.
-
set_types
(edge_type, nodes=None, fraction=None)[source]# Set the synaptic/connection types.
Changed in version 2.0: Changed syn_type to edge_type.
Warning
The special “type” attribute cannot be modified when using graphs that inherit from the
Network
class. This is because for biological networks, neurons make only one kind of synapse, which is determined by thenngt.NeuralGroup
they belong to.Parameters: - edge_type (int, string, or array of ints) – Type of the connection among ‘excitatory’ (also 1) or ‘inhibitory’ (also -1).
- nodes (int, float or list, optional (default: None)) – If nodes is an int, number of nodes of the required type that will be created in the graph (all connections from inhibitory nodes are inhibitory); if it is a float, ratio of edge_type nodes in the graph; if it is a list, ids of the edge_type nodes.
- fraction (float, optional (default: None)) – Fraction of the selected edges that will be set as edge_type (if nodes is not None, it is the fraction of the specified nodes’ edges, otherwise it is the fraction of all edges in the graph).
Returns: t_list (
numpy.ndarray
) – List of the types in an order that matches the edges attribute of the graph.
-
to_nest
(send_only=None, weights=True)[source]# Send the network to NEST.
See also
make_nest_network()
for parameters
-
classmethod
uniform
(size, neuron_model='aeif_cond_alpha', neuron_param=None, syn_model='static_synapse', syn_param=None, **kwargs)[source]# Generate a network containing only one type of neurons.
Parameters: - size (int) – Number of neurons in the network.
- neuron_model (string, optional (default: ‘aief_cond_alpha’)) – Name of the NEST neural model to use when simulating the activity.
- neuron_param (dict, optional (default: {})) – Dictionary containing the neural parameters; the default value will make NEST use the default parameters of the model.
- syn_model (string, optional (default: ‘static_synapse’)) – NEST synaptic model to use when simulating the activity.
- syn_param (dict, optional (default: {})) – Dictionary containing the synaptic parameters; the default value will make NEST use the default parameters of the model.
Returns: net (
Network
or subclass) – Uniform network of disconnected neurons.
-
class
nngt.
SpatialNetwork
(population, name='SpatialNetwork', weighted=True, directed=True, shape=None, from_graph=None, positions=None, **kwargs)[source]# Class that inherits from
Network
andSpatialGraph
to provide a detailed description of a real neural network in space, i.e. with positions and biological properties to interact with NEST.Initialize SpatialNetwork instance
Parameters: - name (string, optional (default: “Graph”)) – The name of this
Graph
instance. - weighted (bool, optional (default: True)) – Whether the graph edges have weight properties.
- directed (bool, optional (default: True)) – Whether the graph is directed or undirected.
- shape (
Shape
, optional (default: None)) – Shape of the neurons’ environment (None leads to a square of side 1 cm) - positions (
numpy.array
, optional (default: None)) – Positions of the neurons; if not specified and nodes != 0, then neurons will be reparted at random inside theShape
object of the instance. - population (class:~nngt.NeuralPop, optional (default: None)) – Population from which the network will be built.
Returns: self (
SpatialNetwork
)-
set_types
(syn_type, nodes=None, fraction=None)[source]# Set the synaptic/connection types.
Changed in version 2.0: Changed syn_type to edge_type.
Warning
The special “type” attribute cannot be modified when using graphs that inherit from the
Network
class. This is because for biological networks, neurons make only one kind of synapse, which is determined by thenngt.NeuralGroup
they belong to.Parameters: - edge_type (int, string, or array of ints) – Type of the connection among ‘excitatory’ (also 1) or ‘inhibitory’ (also -1).
- nodes (int, float or list, optional (default: None)) – If nodes is an int, number of nodes of the required type that will be created in the graph (all connections from inhibitory nodes are inhibitory); if it is a float, ratio of edge_type nodes in the graph; if it is a list, ids of the edge_type nodes.
- fraction (float, optional (default: None)) – Fraction of the selected edges that will be set as edge_type (if nodes is not None, it is the fraction of the specified nodes’ edges, otherwise it is the fraction of all edges in the graph).
Returns: t_list (
numpy.ndarray
) – List of the types in an order that matches the edges attribute of the graph.
- name (string, optional (default: “Graph”)) – The name of this